关键词: 覆秸质量, 拾输量, 抛撒转速, 动态匹配

Abstract:  In the field operation of the planter in the clean wheat area of the whole straw stubble field, the quality of straw mulching cannot be guaranteed due to the mismatch between the straw delivery rate and the speed of the uniform scatters device, resulting in problems such as low seedling emergence rate and poor seedling uniformity. Aiming to solve this problem, a set of strawspreading automatic control systems was designed. The system used STM32 singlechip microcomputer as the main control unit, used the phase difference torque detection device to collect the torque of the cutter roller shaft, and realized the adaptive adjustment of the speed of uniform scatters device through the indirect detection of the straw delivery rate. In order to verify the effect of the system, the cutter roller shaft spined at a top speed of 2 200 r/min, and the tractor was running at five common speeds, which were 0.9 m/s, 1.0 m/s, 1.1 m/s, 1.2 m/s, 1.3 m/s, respectively. A comparative test was carried out with or without the automatic control system of straw scattering and covering. In this experiment, without an automatic control system, the uniform scatters device rotated at 800 r/min. In contrast, the rotation speed of the uniform scatters device was automatically adjusted with the system, and the adjustment range was 600-1 200 r/min. The test results indicated that, in the same working conditions, after using the automatic control system for straw scattering and covering, the unevenness of straw spreading can be maintained below 15%, which improves the operational performance of the machine.

Key words: straw covering quality, delivery rate, speed of uniform scatters device, dynamic matching