花生穴播器播深自动调节装置设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2022.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对传统花生播种机穴播器工作过程中播种深度调节过程繁琐的问题，设计一种可根据土壤含水率变化做出相应深度调节的播种装置。通过分析调节过程中推杆机构运动轨迹，明确调节深度与转臂角度变化关系，结合花生播深自动控制系统，使穴播器在机具工作过程中可根据土壤含水率变化实现无级调节。选取土壤含水率范围、设置播种深度、机具前进速度为试验因素，播种深度合格率为试验指标进行田间试验，采用Designexpert软件对试验结果进行分析，明确各因素对试验指标影响规律，并得出回归曲线方程。试验结果表明：播种深度控制过程中调节效果良好，土壤含水率范围为14%~17%、设定播种深度为3.5 mm、机具前进速度为4 km/h情况下，播种深度具有很好的一致性。当土壤含水率为15.83%，设定播种深度为3.18 mm，机具前进速度为3.91 km/h时，播种深度合格率为最大值98.19%，符合相关国家标准及花生种植农艺要求，为花生精准播种提供参考。

关键词: 花生, 播深调节, 播种装置, 穴播器, 推杆机构

Abstract: Aiming at the cumbersome problem of sowing depth adjustment process during the working process of the traditional peanut seeder, a sowing device can be designed to adjust the sowing depth according to the change of soil moisture content. By analyzing the motion trajectory of the pusher mechanism during the adjustment process, clarifying the relationship between the adjustment depth and the angle change of the turning arm, combined with the peanut sowing depth automatic control system, the hole sower can achieve stepless adjustment according to the change of soil moisture content during the working process of the machine. The soil moisture content range, the sowing depth and the speed of the machine are selected as the experimental factors, and the pass rate of the sowing depth is the experimental index for field testing, and the test results are analyzed by Designexpert software, and the influence of various factors on the experimental indicators is clarified, and the regression curve equation is obtained. The experimental results show that the sowing depth is well adjusted during the sowing depth control process, the soil moisture content ranges from 14%-17%, the sowing depth is set to 3.5 mm, and the machine forward speed is 4 km/h, and the sowing depth has good consistency. When the soil moisture content is 15.83%, the sowing depth is set to 3.18 mm, and the machine forward speed is 3.91 km/h, the sowing depth pass rate is 98.19% at the maximum, which meets the relevant national standards and peanut planting agronomic requirements, and provides a reference for accurate sowing of peanuts.

Key words: peanuts, sowing depth regulation, sowing device, burrowing planter, putting mechanism

中图分类号:

S223.2

王萍, 康建明, 康英杰, 徐文艺, 向阳, 张亮. 花生穴播器播深自动调节装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(7): 14-19.

Wang Ping, Kang Jianming, Kang Yingjie, Xu Wenyi, Xiang Yang, Zhang Liang.. Design and test of peanut burrow seeder sowing depth adjustment device[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(7): 14-19.

参考文献

［1］　
张智猛, 胡文广, 许婷婷, 等. 中国花生生产的发展与优势分析［J］. 花生学报, 2005, 34(3): 6-10, 20.

Zhang Zhimeng, Hu Wenguang, Xu Tingting, et al. The advantage analysis and development of the peanut production of China ［J］. Journal of Peanut Science, 2005, 34(3): 6-10, 20.

［2］　
万书波, 张佳蕾, 张智猛. 花生种植技术的重大变革——单粒精播［J］. 中国油料作物报, 2020, 42(6): 927-933.

Wan Shubo, Zhang Jialei, Zhang Zhimeng. Great change of peanut planting technology: Single seed sowing ［J］. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2020, 42(6): 927-933.

［3］　
吴迪, 郑英杭, 王晓光, 等. 不同播深下清棵对花生生长发育及产量的影响［J］. 安徽农业科学, 2015(10): 40-43.

Wu Di, Zheng Yinghang, Wang Xiaoguang, et al. Effect of cleaning stem base soil on growth and yield of peanut in different sowing depth ［J］. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2015(10): 40-43.

［4］　
张春艳, 康建明, 张宁宁, 等. 花生种植机械化关键技术研究现状与发展分析［J］. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2019(S1): 27-34.

［5］　
王泉玉, 徐琪蒙, 卢彩云, 等. 免耕播种智能化关键技术研究现状与发展［J］. 华南农业大学学报, 2021, 42(6): 27-35.

Wang Quanyu, Xu Qimeng, Lu Caiyun, et al. Research status and development of key technologies for notillage seeding intellectualization ［J］. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(6): 27-35.

［6］　
吕小莲, 刘敏基, 王海鸥, 等. 花生膜上播种技术及其设备研发进展［J］. 中国农机化, 2012(1): 88-92.

Lü Xiaolian, Liu Minji, Wang Haiou, et al. Research development of peanut seeding technology and equipment on the film ［J］. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2012(1): 88-92.

［7］　
吕小莲, 胡志超, 刘敏基, 等. 2BQHM-2型花生覆膜穴播机的设计与试验［J］. 华南农业大学学报, 2015(1): 96-100.

Lü Xiaolian, Hu Zhichao, Liu Minji, et al. Design and experiment of the 2BQHM-2 peanut mulching film and punching planter ［J］. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2015(1): 96-100.

［8］　
杨丽, 颜丙新, 张东兴, 等. 玉米精密播种技术研究进展［J］. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(11): 38-48.

Yang Li, Yan Bingxin, Zhang Dongxing, et al. Research progress on precision planting technology of maize ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(11): 38-48.

［9］　
赵涵俊. 装在开沟器上的超声波探测器［J］. 粮油加工与食品机械, 1989(1): 43.

［10］　
Weatherly E T, Jr C G B. Automatic depth control of a seed planter based on soil drying front sensing ［J］. Transactions of the Asae, 1997, 40(2): 295-305.

［11］　
李玉环, 孟鹏祥, 耿端阳, 等. 玉米播种深度智能调控系统研究［J］. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(S1): 62-68, 42.

Li Yuhuan, Meng Pengxiang, Geng Duanyang, et al. Intelligent system for adjusting and controlling corn seeding depth ［J］.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(S1): 62-68, 42.

［12］　
白慧娟, 方宪法, 王德成, 等. 玉米播种机播深和压实度综合控制系统设计与试验［J］. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(9): 61-72.

Bai Huijuan, Fang Xianfeng, Wang Decheng, et al. Design and test of control system for seeding depth and compaction of corn precision planter ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51(9): 61-72.

［13］　
谢明惠, 陈浩梁, 张光玲, 等. 温度、土壤湿度和播种深度对花生种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响［J］. 花生学报, 2017, 46(2): 52-59.

Xie Minghui, Chen Haoliang, Zhang Guangling, et al. Effects of temperature, soil moisture and sowing depths on the seed germination and seedling growth of peanut ［J］. Journal of Peanut Science, 2017, 46(2): 52-59.

［14］　
陈玉龙, 孙兴冻, 罗昕, 等. 气吸式打瓜精量穴播器的设计与试验［J］. 中国农机化学报, 2015, 36(4): 15-17, 21.

Chen Yulong, Sun Xingdong, Luo Xin, et al. Design and experiment on airsuction watermelon precision dibbler ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2015, 36(4): 15-17, 21.

[1]	徐日荣, 陈湘瑜, 陈昊, 张玉梅, 蓝新隆, 唐兆秀. 福建主栽花生品种果柄节点强度分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(5): 22-28.
[2]	陈勇, 张学军, 靳伟, 张海涛, 史增录, 于永良. 双仓立式棉种齿盘穴播器设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(5): 35-39.
[3]	徐效伟, 颜建春, 魏海, 鲍国丞, 纪龙龙, 谢焕雄. 不同含水率下花生荚果静摩擦系数测定[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 93-97.
[4]	徐效伟, 魏海, 颜建春, 鲍国丞, 杜元杰, 谢焕雄. 花生荚果离散元仿真参数标定[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 81-89.
[5]	王雪晴;郑福来;赵换丽;. 基于几何和色度学特征识别的花生视觉选种方法[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 94-99.
[6]	张宁宁, 康建明, 王小瑜, 彭强吉, 张春艳, 王永烁. 基于EDEM的滚筒式穴播器排种性能仿真与试验^*[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(11): 1-6.
[7]	李豪杰, 王青华, 李军浩, 张延化, . 半喂入花生联合收获机去石清选装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(10): 29-33+58.
[8]	魏海, 颜建春, 游兆延, 吴惠昌, 徐效伟, 谢焕雄, . 花生换向通风干燥性能模拟与分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(10): 100-111.
[9]	孙居彦;刘志远;刘甲振;. 收获期花生秧蔓切割锯盘设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(1): 9-13+29.
[10]	郭伟宏;郭辉;于欣东;王明闯;邢少康;彭波;. 基于两段式收获工艺的花生起收机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(7): 34-39.
[11]	王东升;肖伟中;王江涛;李伟;刘怀玉;. 新型花生免耕施肥播种机研制[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(3): 40-45.
[12]	范鑫;王建国;兰玉彬;张佳蕾;伊丽丽;韩鑫;. 飞行参数对结荚期花生航空施药雾滴沉积特性的影响[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(12): 36-41.
[13]	高学梅;魏海;刘敏基;吴惠昌;胡志超;谢焕雄;. 我国花生气力输送技术与应用现状[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(3): 102-107.
[14]	龚智强;周智文;赵湛;路玲;. 一种旋转输送气吸振动式精密播种装置结构设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(2): 1-5.
[15]	李娜;姜伟;周进;张华;崔中凯;邸志峰;. 山东省花生生产全程机械化现状与对策建议[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(10): 42-50+71.