风送静电喷雾器三种喷雾模式对梨液体授粉的影响

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2024.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 使用高效的背负式风送静电喷雾器进行液体授粉，以解决传统人工授粉效率低、工时长、成本高及劳动强度大的问题。采用上述喷雾器的三种喷雾模式分别对“佛见喜”梨进行液体授粉对比试验。通过测定花粉悬浊液萌发率、花朵坐果率、花序坐果率、果形指数和单果质量，以比较不同喷雾模式对梨液体授粉质量的影响。结果表明，静电喷雾显著地降低梨花粉颗粒萌发率和花序坐果率，但不影响花朵坐果率及果形指数；风送喷雾的花粉萌发率与花序坐果率呈显著正相关([P<0.05]， [R=0.645])；风罩喷雾虽在低花粉活性前提下明显提高花序坐果率，但单果重显著降低。综上所述，风送喷雾比静电喷雾更加适合用在梨的液体喷雾授粉中，该研究可为梨液体授粉提供一定参考。

关键词: 梨液体授粉, 静电喷雾, 风送喷雾, 花粉活性, 坐果率

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low efficiency, lengthy working hours, high cost, and high labor intensity of traditional manual pollination, a high‑efficiency backpack wind‑fed electrostatic sprayer is used for liquid pollination. Liquid pollination comparison studied on the “Fojianxi” pear were conducted by using three spraying modes of the aforementioned sprayer. In order to assess the impacts of various spray types on the quality of pear liquid pollination, the germination rate of pollen suspension, flower fruiting rate, inflorescence fruiting rate, fruit shape index, and single fruit quality were calculated. The results demonstrated that Electrostatic spraying treatment had no effect on flower fruiting rate or fruit form index, but dramatically decreased pear pollen grain germination rate and inflorescence fruiting rate, there was a strong positive association between pollen germination rate and inflorescence fruiting rate under wind‑fed spraying treatment (P<0.05, R=0.645), and the wind‑shield spraying treatment on the premise of low pollen activity significantly enhanced inflorescence fruiting rate, but single fruit weight was significantly decreased. In conclusion, wind‑fed spraying treatment is preferable to electrostatic spray for use in pollinating pears with liquid spray, and this study can serve as a guide for pollinating pears with liquid spray.

Key words: pear liquid pollination, electrostatic spraying, wind?fed spraying, pollen activity, fruiting rate

中图分类号:

S334.2+2

刘紫嫣, 刘理民, 韩虎, 何雄奎, 刘亚佳. 风送静电喷雾器三种喷雾模式对梨液体授粉的影响[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(11): 54-59.

Liu Ziyan, Liu Limin, Han Hu, He Xiongkui, Liu Yajia. Effect of three modes of backpack wind‑fed electrostatic sprayer on pear liquid pollination[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(11): 54-59.

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