冬季垂直栽培条件下三种常绿灌木生长和生理特性研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2021.12.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 加强冬季垂直绿化植物筛选和应用研究有助于提高我国南方冬季园林绿化水平。以滨柃（Eurya emarginata）、含笑花（Michelia figo）和红花檵木（Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum）3种常绿灌木为研究对象，采用生态基质和轻基质进行垂直栽培，通过对控水和复水处理中株高增长量、总生物量、根冠比、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和可溶性蛋白（SP）含量等抗旱性能指标的测定与分析，筛选最佳栽培基质和水分管理措施。结果表明，三种植物抗旱性综合评价由大至小依次为滨柃、红花檵木和含笑花，且采用轻基质栽培滨柃和红花檵木，以及采用生态基质栽培含笑花有利于提高杭州冬季常规温度下的栽培效果，其生物量和根冠比分别提高1.6%~36.8%和20.2%~41.1%，灌溉周期可以达到20天左右。

关键词: 垂直绿化, 栽培基质, 木本植物, 抗旱性能

Abstract: Exploring the vertical cultivation techniques helps improve the economic, ecological, and landscape benefits of urban garden greening in south China in winter. In this study, three evergreen shrubs, Euryaemarginata, Micheliafigo, and Loropetalumchinense var. rubrum, were cultivated in ecological substrates and light substrates under vertical cultivation conditions. Through the determination and analysis of droughtresistant performance indexes, such as plant height growth, total biomass, rootshoot ratio, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and soluble protein (SP) content in water control and rewater treatment, the optimal cultivation substrate and water management measures were selected. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation of the drought resistance of the three plants in descending order was Euryaemarginata, Loropetalumchinense var. rubrum, and Micheliafigo, and the use of light substrate to cultivate Euryaemarginata and Loropetalumchinense var. rubrum and the use of ecological substrate to cultivate Micheliafigo were beneficial to cultivation. When cultivation of Hangzhou was done at a conventional temperature in winter, its biomass and roottoshoot ratio increased by 1.6%-36.8% and 20.2%-41.1%, respectively, and the irrigation period could reach about 20 days.

Key words: vertical greening, cultivation substrate, woody plant, drought resistance

中图分类号:

S688.5

杨佳颖, 王志高, 朱锦茹, 袁位高, 吴初平, 江波. 冬季垂直栽培条件下三种常绿灌木生长和生理特性研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(12): 72-79.

Yang Jiaying, Wang Zhigao, Zhu Jinru, Yuan Weigao, Wu Chuping, Jiang Bo. . Growth and physiological characters of three evergreen shrubs under vertical cultivation conditions in winter[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(12): 72-79.

参考文献

［１］　王雪, 任吉君, 梁朝信. 城市垂直绿化现状及发展对策［J］. 北方园艺, 2006(6): 104-105.
Wang Xue, Ren Jijun, Liang Chaoxin. Development and counter measunes on urban vertical greening ［J］. Northern Horticulture, 2006(6): 104-105.
［2］　徐中民, 陈磊, 葛伦发. 北方地区立体绿化的植物选择应用及发展状况［J］. 吉林农业, 2012(3): 177.
［3］　何健聪, 张太平, 李跃林, 等. 我国城市垂直绿化现状与垂直绿化新技术［J］. 城市环境与城市生态, 2003, 16(6): 289-291.
He Jiancong, Zhang Taiping, Li Yuelin, et al. City vertical greening in China and new vertical greening techniques ［J］. Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2003, 16(6): 289-291.
［4］　符安. 垂直绿化在城市建设中的应用［J］. 现代园艺, 2019(12): 143-144.
［5］　夏汉平, 蔡锡安, 彭彩霞. 5种爬藤植物垂直绿化的效果比较［J］. 草业学报, 2007, 16(3): 93-100.
Xia Hanping, Cai Xian, Peng Caixia. Comparison of five lianas for vertical greening ［J］. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007, 16(3): 93-100.
［6］　宁博, 于航, 何旸, 等. 南方地区垂直绿化对办公建筑能耗的影响研究［J］. 建筑热能通风空调, 2016, 35(12): 33-36, 28.
Ning Bo, Yu Hang, He Yang, et al. Influence of vertical greening on energy simulation of office building in Southern region ［J］. Building Energy & Environment, 2016, 35(12): 33-36, 28.
［7］　余杰. 墙体绿化对夏热冬冷地区建筑能耗影响研究［D］. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2019.
Yu Jie. Research on the effect of wall greening on building energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter arears: a case study of Chengdu ［D］. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2019.
［8］　刘旭飞, 同炫玥, 周伟, 等. 基于多孔吸滤材料的自动灌排垂直绿化装置的结构设计和参数确定［J］. 节水灌溉, 2019(11): 85-90.
Liu Xufei, Tong Xuanyue, Zhou Wei, et al. Structural design and parameter determination of automatic irrigation and drainage vertical greening device based on porous absorbent filter material ［J］. Water Saving Irrigation, 2019(11): 85-90.
［9］　马旭俊, 朱大海. 植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的研究进展［J］. 遗传, 2003, 25(2): 225-231.
Ma Xujun, Zhu Dahai. Functional roles of the plant superoxide dismutase ［J］. Hereditas(Beijing), 2003, 25(2): 225-231.
［10］　董鹏, 李铭, 马新, 等. 干旱胁迫对5个园林绿化树种生理生化特性的影响［J］. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(4): 699-704.
Dong Peng, Li Ming, Ma Xin, et al. Effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of five garden trees ［J］. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 31(4): 699-704.
［11］　肖春旺, 周广胜, 马风云. 施水量变化对毛乌素沙地优势植物形态与生长的影响［J］. 植物生态学报, 2002, 26(1): 69-76.
Xiao Chunwang, Zhou Guangsheng, Ma Fengyun. Effect of water supply change on morphology and growth of dominant plants in Maowusu sandland［J］. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2002, 26(1): 69-76.
［12］　王晓娟, 周兰英. 干旱胁迫对红花檵木生长及生理特性的影响［J］. 四川农业大学学报, 2015, 33(1): 22-27, 32.
Wang Xiaojuan, Zhou Lanying. Drought effects on growth and physiological traits of Loropetalum chinense Var.rubrum ［J］. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2015, 33(1): 22-27, 32.
［13］　赵卫星, 刘喜存, 李晓慧, 等. 甜瓜幼苗对逆境胁迫的生理响应及抗逆性综合评价［J］. 西南农业学报, 2017, 30(2): 322-326.
Zhao Weixing, Liu Xicun, Li Xiaohui, et al. Physiological responses of muskmelon seedlings to different adversity stresses and synthetical evaluation of stress resistance ［J］. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 30(2): 322-326.
［14］　冯晓燕, 殷金岩, 汪田野, 等. 屋顶绿化基质及植物耐旱性研究［J］. 江苏农业科学, 2020, 48(10): 162-168.
［15］　邱帅, 卢山, 余磊, 等. 3种垂直绿化基质中园林植物干旱适应性的比较［J］. 西北植物学报, 2017, 37(2): 286-296.
Qiu Shuai, Lu Shan, Yu Lei, et al. Study on drought adaptability of landscape plants in 3 vertical greening substrates ［J］. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica, 2017, 37(2): 286-296.
［16］　杨雪. 广州地区10种用于垂直绿化的植物绿化效果比较及种植基质筛选［J］. 广东园林, 2015, 37(5): 36-40.
Yang Xue. Comparisons of ten species vertical greening plants effects and planting medium screening in Guangzhou ［J］. Guangdong Landscape Architecture, 2015, 37(5): 36-40.
［17］　王文英. 景天属植物耐旱性评价及可移动生态型绿化基质筛选研究［D］. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2011.
Wang Wenying. Studies on drought resistance evaluation of Sedum Plants and screening test of portable ecological afforestation matrixes ［D］. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A & F University, 2011.
［18］　邬燕. 模拟干旱胁迫下葡萄的抗旱生理生化机理研究［D］. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2019.
Wu Yan. Study on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of drought resistance in grape under simulated drought stress ［D］. Huhhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2019.
［19］　鲁松. 干旱胁迫对植物生长及其生理的影响［J］. 江苏林业科技, 2012, 39(4): 51-54.
Lu Song. Effects of drought stress on plant growth and physiological traits［J］. Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology, 2012, 39(4): 51-54.
［20］　陈闻, 赵颖, 叶正钱, 等. 干旱胁迫对5个海岛树种生长及生理特性的影响［J］. 浙江农林大学学报, 2013,30(4): 490-498.
Chen Wen, Zhao Ying, Ye Zhengqian,et al. Growth and physiological characteristics of five island tree species with drought stress ［J］. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University, 2013, 30(4): 490-498.
［21］　邱权, 潘昕, 李吉跃, 等. 青藏高原20种灌木抗旱形态和生理特征［J］. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(6): 562-575.
Qiu Quan, Pan Xin, Li Jiyue, et al. Morphological traits and physiological characteristics in drought tolerance in 20 shrub species on the QinghaiXizang Plateau ［J］. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(6): 562-575.
［22］　张永兵. 四种含笑抗旱性研究［D］. 南京: 南京林业大学, 2006.
［23］　段亮亮, 满秀玲, 刘力宁, 等. 冬季低温对沙漠植物约书亚树幼苗生理生化指标的影响［J］. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(6): 242-245.
Duan Liangliang, Man Xiuling, Liu Lining, et al. Effect of winter low temperature on physiological and biochemical indexes of desert plants Yucca brevifolia seedlings ［J］. Journal of soil and water conservation, 2011, 25(6): 242-245.
［24］　马斌, 张娅, 吴毅, 等. 干旱胁迫对4种木兰科树种生理特性的影响［J］. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2020,40(11): 93-99.
Ma Bin, Zhang Ya, Wu Yi,et al. Effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics of four Magnoliaceae species ［J］. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2020, 40(11): 93-99.
［25］　段启英, 田野, 鄂晓伟, 等. 南方型黑杨生长和生理特性对持续干旱和复水响应的性别差异［J］. 生态学杂志, 2020,39(07): 2140-2150.
Duan Qiying, Tian Ye, E Xiaowei,et al. Sexual differences in growth and physiological properties of southerntype poplar clones in response to continuous drought and rewatering ［J］. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(7): 2140-2150.
［26］　唐建, 冯娟, 刘云飞. 作物干旱复水补偿效应研究［J］. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(1): 10-13.
Tang Jian, Feng Juan, Liu Yunfei. Study on compensation effect of crop rewatering for drought［J］. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 60(1): 10-13.
［27］　李海霞. 六个牡丹品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应机制及抗性评价［J］. 北方园艺, 2021(4): 64-71.
Li Haixia. Physiological response mechanism and resistance evaluation of six peony varieties to drought stress ［J］. Northern Horticulture, 2021(4): 64-71.
［28］　高大海, 陈斌, 贺位忠. 柃木等5种地被植物的抗旱性研究［J］. 浙江林业科技, 2013, 33(1): 49-51.
Gao Dahai, Chen Bin, He Weizhong. Study on drought resistance of five groundcover plants ［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 2013, 33(1): 49-51.
［29］　谭晓荣, 胡韬纲, 戴媛, 等. 不同干旱方式对小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白含量及总抗氧化力的影响［J］. 河南工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 29(1): 42-47.
Tan Xiaorong, Hu Taogang, Dai Yuan, et al. Effect of different kinds of drought treatments on water soluble protein and total antioxidative capacity of wheat seedlings ［J］. Journal of Henan University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 29(1): 42-47.
［30］　陈闻, 赵颖, 叶正钱, 等. 干旱胁迫对5个海岛树种生长及生理特性的影响［J］. 浙江农林大学学报, 2013, 30(4): 490-498.
Chen Wen, Zhao Ying, Ye Zhengqian, et al. Growth and physiological characteristics of five island tree species with drought stress ［J］. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University, 2013, 30(4): 490-498.
［31］　胡杨, 李钢铁, 李星, 等. 干旱胁迫对细穗柽柳幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响［J］. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(6): 43-50.
Hu Yang, Li Gangtie, Li Xing, et al. Growth and physiological index of Tamarix leptostachys bunge seedlings under soil drought stress ［J］. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(6): 43-50.
［32］　张玉玉, 王进鑫, 马戌, 等. 复水对干旱侧柏幼苗叶绿素含量的影响［J］. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2020, 41(5): 1-9.
Zhang Yuyu, Wang Jinxin, Ma Xu, et al. Effect of rewatering on chlorophyll content of platycladus orientalis seedlings after drought ［J］. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Sciences), 2020, 41(5): 1-9.
［33］　赵伟洁, 李翠, 晁桂梅, 等. 复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子生长的补偿效应［J］. 中国农业大学学报, 2014, 19(5): 55-65.
Zhao Weijie, Li Cui, Chao Guimei, et al. Compensation effect of rewatering on the growth of broomcorn millet under water stress ［J］.Journal of China Agricultural University, 2014, 19(5): 55-65.
［34］　牛静. 花铃期干旱胁迫复水后棉花根系的补偿机制研究［D］. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2016.
Niu Jing. Research on the compensatory mechanisms of cotton root under drought stress after rewatering during the flowering and bollforming stage ［D］. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016.