棉花膜下破膜机构设计与分析

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对棉花覆膜种植时放苗劳动强度大且效率低的问题，提出一种电热式破膜机构。阐述机构的结构组成与工作原理，对该机构进行运动学分析，同时采用MATLAB软件的APP DESIGNER编写机构的仿真分析与优化程序，分析主要参数对机构运动轨迹特性的影响规律；以机构破膜时的直立度和破膜中心与棉苗的重合度为优化方目标，利用仿真程序筛选出一组最优的机构参数。在机组速度为400mm/s，破膜间距为150mm时，主动曲柄AF长度为94 mm，从动曲柄DE长度为63 mm，摇杆FG长度为621 mm，曲柄间距AD长度为333 mm，连杆GH长度为60 mm，主动曲柄AF与水平面的初始角度为15°，传动安装角∠BAF与传动安装角∠CDE的角度差为0°，工具安装角∠HGF为170°，此时破膜点H的轨迹线呈显著的“γ”型轮廓，保证破膜器在接触与离开薄膜时与塑料薄膜之间的角度分别为88.145 6°和91.050 4°，两点之间的距离为0.2mm。

关键词: 棉花放苗, 破膜机构, 曲柄滑槽式, MATLAB仿真, 运动分析

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of high labor intensity and low efficiency in cotton planting with mulch, an electric film breaking mechanism was proposed in this paper. The structure and working principle of the mechanism are described, and the kinematics of the mechanism is analyzed. At the same time, the APP DESIGNER of MATLAB software is used to write the simulation analysis and optimization program of the mechanism and the influence of the main parameters on the trajectory characteristics of the mechanism is analyzed. Aiming at the perpendicularity of the mechanism when the film is broken and the overlap between the broken film center and the cotton seedling, a set of optimal mechanism parameters are selected by using the simulation program as follows: When the unit speed is 400mm/s and the film breaking distance is 150mm, the length of the active crank AF is 94 mm, the length of the driven crank DE is 63 mm, the length of rocker FG is 621 mm, the distance between the cranks AD is 333 mm, and the length of the connecting rod GH is 60 mm, the initial angle between the driving crank AF and the horizontal plane is 15°, the difference between the transmission installation angle ∠BAF the transmission installation angle ∠CDE is 0°, and the tool installation angle ∠HGF is 170°. At this time, the trajectory line of the film breaking point H showed a significant “γ” shape contour, which ensured that the Angle between the film breaker and the plastic film was 88.145 6° and 91.050 4°, respectively, when the film was contacting and leaving the film, and the distance between the two points was 0.2mm.

Key words: cotton seedling release, film breaking mechanism, crank chute, MATLAB simulation, analysis of motion

中图分类号:

S224.9

胡传旭, 巩道财, 兰玉彬, 肖啸, 徐海钰, 赵静. 棉花膜下破膜机构设计与分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(1): 8-12.

Hu Chuanxu, Gong Daocai, Lan Yubin, Xiao Xiao, Xu Haiyu, Zhao Jing. Design and analysis of membrane breaking mechanism under membrane of cotton seedling[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(1): 8-12.

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