复合电源式电动拖拉机能量管理系统策略研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2023.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对纯电动拖拉机电源系统能量输入单一、遇随机载荷时电池状态波动大等问题，对电池组的放电特性进行研究，结合拖拉机田间作业时突变载荷频繁的特点，采用一种多电池组复合式的电源结构，建立考虑实时功率和载荷波动的拖拉机动力学模型及基于功率波动比的模糊控制门限阈值逻辑规则的多电源协同输入模型。利用Matlab/Simulink与Cruise联合仿真进行测试验证，结果表明：车速恒定犁耕时，多电源协同输入模型在遇突变载荷时其锂电池的输出功率较单一电源模型而言得到有效的补偿，最高上升功率波动比由20.8%/s下降至3.6%/s，平均上升功率波动比由5.6%/s下降至2.7%/s，整机电能消耗量降低5.24%，避免单电池突变放电的发生，在满足电机动力的同时实现蓄电池输出功率大幅波动时的“削峰”“缓峰”，减缓电池SOC的“急降”，提高整车经济性。

关键词: 多电源协同, 电动拖拉机, 能量管理, 电流波动, 逻辑门限值

Abstract: Aiming to solve the problems of single energy input and battery state fluctuation of pure electric tractors under random load, this article studied the discharge characteristics of battery packs and adopted a composite power structure of multibattery packs, considering the frequent sudden load of tractors during field operation. A dynamic cooperative input model of multipower supply based on fuzzy control threshold logic rule of power fluctuation ratio was established, considering the realtime power and load fluctuation. Matlab/Simulink and Cruise simulation were used to test and verify the results. The results showed that the multipower cooperative input model effectively compensates for the output power of the lithium battery compared with the singlepower model when the plow speed is constant. The maximum rising power fluctuation ratio decreased from 20.8%/s to 3.6%/s, and the average rising power fluctuation ratio decreased from 5.6%/s to 2.7%/s. The energy consumption of the tractor was reduced by 5.24%, which avoided the sudden discharge of a single battery, and realized “peak cutting” and “slow peak” when the battery output power fluctuated while meeting the motor power. The “sharp drop” of battery SOC was slowed down, and the economy of the tractor was improved.

Key words: multipower synergy, electric tractor, energy management, current fluctuations, logic threshold

中图分类号:

S219.4

胥文翔, 徐立友, 刘孟楠, 马可. 复合电源式电动拖拉机能量管理系统策略研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(6): 135-142.

Xu Wenxiang, Xu Liyou, Liu Mengnan, Ma Ke. Research on energy management system strategy of multipower hybrid electric tractor[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 44(6): 135-142.

参考文献

［1］　
Ueka Y, Yamashita J, Sato K, et al. Study on the development of the electric tractor: specifications and traveling and tilling performance of a prototype electric tractor ［J］. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 2013, 6(4): 160-164.

［2］　
Tian H, Lu Z, Wang X, et al. A length ratio based neural network energy management strategy for online control of plugin hybrid electric city bus ［J］. Applied Energy, 2016, 177: 71-80.

［3］　
刘孟楠, 周志立, 徐立友, 等. 基于随机载荷功率谱的电动拖拉机复合能量系统研究［J］. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(2): 358-366.

Liu Mengnan, Zhou Zhili, Xu Liyou, et al. Electric tractor energy system and management strategy research based on load power spectral density ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(2): 358-366.

［4］　
方在华, 周志立, 杨铁皂, 等. 正态随机载荷的计算机仿真［J］. 洛阳工学院学报, 2000, 21(1): 1-3.

Fang Zaihua, Zhou Zhili, Yang Tiezao, et al. Computer simulation for normal random load ［J］. Journal of Luoyang Institute of Technology, 2000, 21(1): 1-3.

［5］　
刘孟楠, 徐立友, 周志立, 等. 增程式电动拖拉机及其旋耕机组仿真平台开发［J］. 中国机械工程, 2016, 27(3): 413-419.

Liu Mengnan, Xu Liyou, Zhou Zhili, et al. Establishment of extended range electric tractor and its rotary cultivators simulative platforms ［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 27(3): 413-419.

［6］　
徐立友, 赵一荣, 赵学平, 等. 电动拖拉机综合台架试验系统设计与试验［J］. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(1): 355-363.

Xu Liyou, Zhao Yirong, Zhao Xueping, et al. Design and test of multifunctional test system for electric tractor ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51(1): 355-363.

［7］　
孙闫. 基于超级电容辅能的纯电动拖拉机能量管理的研究［D］. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2018.

Sun Yan. Study on energy management of pure electric tractor based on super capacitor auxiliary ［D］. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2018.

［8］　
徐立友, 刘恩泽, 刘孟楠, 等. 燃料电池/蓄电池混合动力电动拖拉机能量管理策略［J］. 河南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 40(2): 80-86.

Xu Liyou, Liu Enze, Liu Mengnan, et al. Energy management strategies for fuel cell and battery hybrid electric tractors ［J］. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2019, 40(2): 80-86.

［9］　
靳博文, 乔慧敏, 潘天红, 等. 基于内阻功率消耗的锂电池SOC估计［J］. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(8): 1008-1015, 1059.

Jin Bowen, Qiao Huimin, Pan Tianhong, et al. Lithium battery SOC estimation based on internal resistance power consumption ［J］. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(8): 1008-1015, 1059.

［10］　
时玮, 姜久春, 李索宇, 等. 磷酸铁锂电池SOC估算方法研究［J］. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2010, 24(8): 769-774.

Shi Wei, Jiang Jiuchun, Li Suoyu, et al. Research on SOC estimation for LiFeP04 Liion batteries ［J］. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2010, 24(8): 769-774.

［11］　
谢斌, 武仲斌, 毛恩荣. 农业拖拉机关键技术发展现状与展望［J］. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(8): 1-17.

Xie Bin, Wu Zhongbin, Mao Enrong. Development and prospect of key technologies on agricultural tractor ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(8): 1-17.

［12］　
胡春花, 何仁, 蒋洪, 等. 基于工况的纯电动大型客车复合电源参数匹配设计［J］. 汽车技术, 2013(2): 9-13.

Hu Chunhua, He Ren, Jiang Hong, et al. A new design method of dualpower parameter fitting for electrical vehicle based on driving cycles ［J］. Automobile Technology, 2013(2): 9-13.

［13］　
来鑫, 李云飞, 郑岳久, 等. 基于SOC-OCV优化曲线与EKF的锂离子电池荷电状态全局估计［J］. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(1): 19-26.

Lai Xin, Li Yunfei, Zheng Yuejiu, et al. An overall estimation of stateofcharge based on SOC-OCV optimization curve and EKF for lithiumion batter ［J］. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(1): 19-26.

［14］　
张国良, 邓方林. 模糊控制及其Matlab应用［M］. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 2002.

［15］　
Sikha G, Popov B N. Performance optimization of a batterycapacitor hybrid system ［J］. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 134(1): 130-138.

［16］　
Barthel J, Gorges D, Bell M, et al. Energy management for hybrid electric tractors combining load point shifting, regeneration and boost ［C］. 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2014: 1-6.

［17］　
Sarvaiya S, Ganesh S, Xu B. Comparative analysis of hybrid vehicle energy management strategies with optimization of fuel economy and battery life ［J］. Energy, 2021, 228: 120604.

［18］　
陶倩文, 闫祥海, 仝一锟, 等. 拖拉机室内台架试验技术现状与展望［J］. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(12): 121-128.

Tao Qianwen, Yan Xianghai, Tong Yikun, et al. Current status and prospect of tractor indoor bench test technology ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(12): 121-128.

[1]	赵延鹏, 王峰, 杨永发, 李玮, 王应彪, 费建国. 基于作业工况和退役锂离子电池的电动拖拉机电源系统优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 104-111.
[2]	杨杭旭, 刘冬梅, 周俊, 汪珍珍, 王旭. 增程式电动拖拉机研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 118-125.
[3]	夏长高, 杨彦祥, 孙闫, 刘静. 复合电源电动拖拉机能量管理策略研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 126-132.
[4]	刘静;夏长高;孙闫;. 双能源电动拖拉机能量管理策略[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(7): 115-121.
[5]	毛鹏军;张家瑞;殷珊珊;黄传鹏;闵俊杰;. 电动拖拉机整车二阶动态方程建模仿真[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(5): 111-116.