基于平面运动的酿酒葡萄采收装置设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2022.10.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对新疆酿酒葡萄树形松散、枝干较细等特点，利用曲柄摇杆机构中连杆与肋条相连，设计可实现平面运动的酿酒葡萄采收装置。对装置开展运动分析，构建采收装置运动学模型，确定影响装置工作性能的主要影响因素为曲柄转速、曲柄长度、肋条调节杆长度和夹持间距。建立酿酒葡萄采收装置虚拟样机，并进行仿真分析，获取肋条各作用点速度与加速度仿真数据，通过加速度分析可知，肋条两侧加速度均可满足酿酒葡萄振动采收需求。以曲柄转速、曲柄长度、夹持间距和肋条调节杆长度为影响因素，以分离率和破损率为指标，开展四因素三水平正交试验，获取最佳参数组合为曲柄转速840 r/min、曲柄长度28 mm、夹持间距100 mm、肋条调节杆长度410 mm，验证装置设计的合理性。

关键词: 平面运动, 酿酒葡萄, 振动采收, 曲柄摇杆机构

Abstract: According to the characteristics of loose tree shape and thin branches of Xinjiang wine grape, a wine grape harvesting device which can realize plane motion is designed by using the connecting rod in the crank rocker mechanism connected with the rib. The motion analysis of the device is carried out, the kinematic model of the harvesting device is constructed, and it is determined that the main influencing factors affecting the working performance of the device are crank speed, crank length， the length and clamping spacing of the rib adjusting rod. The virtual prototype of wine grape harvesting device is established, and the simulation analysis is carried out to obtain the simulation data of the speed and acceleration of each action point of the rib. Through the acceleration analysis, it can be seen that the acceleration on both sides of the rib can meet the needs of wine grape vibration harvesting. Taking crank speed, crank length, clamping spacing and rib adjusting rod length as influencing factors and taking separation rate and damage rate as indicators, the fourfactor and threelevel orthogonal test is carried out. The best parameter combination is obtained as follows: crank speed 840 r/min, crank length 28 mm, clamping spacing 100 mm and rib adjusting rod length 410 mm. The rationality of the device design is verified.

Key words: plane motion, wine grape, vibration harvesting, crank rocker mechanism

中图分类号:

S225.99

朱兴亮, 袁盼盼, 尤佳, 韩长杰. 基于平面运动的酿酒葡萄采收装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(10): 1-6.

Zhu Xingliang, Yuan Panpan, You Jia, Han Changjie.. Design and experiment of wine grape harvesting device based on plane motion[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(10): 1-6.

参考文献

［1］　
刘崇怀. 中国葡萄属（Vitis L.）植物分类与地理分布研究［D］. 郑州：河南农业大学， 2012.

Liu Chonghuai. Studies on taxonomy and geographical distribution of Chinese wild grape species ［D］. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2012.

［2］　
李超. 基于柔性梳脱的酿酒葡萄脱粒机理与装置的研究［D］. 北京：中国农业大学， 2017.

Li Chao. Study of wine grape threshing mechanism and device by flexible combing triping mechanism ［D］. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2017.

［3］　
新疆维吾尔自治区统计局. 新疆统计年鉴［J］. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2019.

［4］　
李超, 邢洁洁, 徐丽明, 等. 酿酒葡萄篱架梳脱运动试验台设计与应用［J］. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(2): 98-103.

Li Chao, Xing Jiejie, Xu Liming, et al. Design and experiment of wine grape trellis traveling stripping platform ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017, 48(2): 98-103.

［5］　
胡志超，王海鸥，胡良龙，等. 美国葡萄生产机械化［J］. 中国农机化， 2005(6)： 107-109.

Hu Zhichao, Wang Haiou, Hu Lianglong, et al. Mechanization of grape production in America ［J］. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2005(6): 107-109.

［6］　
吴清分. 纽荷兰公司VMLPLUS系列新型葡萄收获机［J］. 当代农机， 2017(2)： 60-61.

［7］　
李成松，高振江，坎杂，等. 双支撑酿酒葡萄果实振动分离装置作业机理［J］. 农业工程学报， 2015， 31(4)： 26-32.

Li Chengsong, Gao Zhenjiang, Kan Za, et al. Operation mechanism of double support vibration separation device for wine grape berry ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(4): 26-32.

［8］　
李成松，高振江，坎杂，等. 酿酒葡萄果—蒂振动分离试验［J］. 农业工程学报， 2015， 31(9)： 39-44.

Li Chengsong, Gao Zhenjiang, Kan Za, et al. Experiment of fruitpedicle vibration separation of wine grape ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(9): 39-44.

［9］　
杜小强，倪柯楠，潘珂，等. 可调振幅单向拽振式林果采收机构参数优化［J］. 农业工程学报， 2014， 30(16)： 25-32.

Du Xiaoqiang, Ni Kenan, Pan Ke, et al. Parameter optimization of strokeadjustable and monodirectional pulling fruit harvester ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(16): 25-32.

［10］　
蔡菲，王春耀，王学农，等. 基于高速摄像技术的振动落果惯性力研究［J］. 西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版， 2013， 41(4)： 208-212.

Cai Fei, Wang Chunyao, Wang Xuenong, et al. Inertia force of fruits abscised by vibration based on highspeed video camera technology ［J］. Journal of Northwest A & F University: Natural Science Edition, 2013, 41(4): 208-212.

［11］　
Yuan Panpan, Zhu Xingliang, Wang Lihong, et al. Design and test of separation harvesting device for wine grape ［J］. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2018, 27(3): 116-122.

［12］　
散鋆龙，杨会民，王学农，等. 振动方式和频率对杏树振动采收响应的影响［J］. 农业工程学报， 2018， 34(8)： 10-17.

San Yunlong, Yang Huimin, Wang Xuenong, et al. Effects of vibration mode and frequency on vibration harvesting of apricot trees［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(8): 10-17.

［13］　
Du Xiaoqiang, Chen Du, Zhang Qin, et al. Dynamic responses of sweet cherry trees under vibratory excitations ［J］. Biosystems Engineering, 2012, 111(3): 305-314.

［14］　
杜小强，倪柯楠，武传宇. 基于外旋轮线轨迹的果品振动采收机构研究［J］. 农业机械学报， 2016， 47(3)： 59-66.

Du Xiaoqiang, Ni Kenan, Wu Chuanyu. Vibratory harvesting mechanism for tree fruit based on epitrochoid ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(3): 59-66.

［15］　
Roger P, Gialis J M. Shakers with adjustable stiffness for harvesting machines and harvesting machines using such shakers ［P］. United States Patent: 7841160B2, 2009-07-27.

［16］　
Roger P, Gialis J M. Berry harvesting machine, especially grape harvesting machine, equipped with a shaking system and mechatronic shaking control for this system ［P］. United States Patent: 2010/0024373A1, 2010-02-04.

［17］　
Caprara C, Pezzi F. Measuring the stresses transmitted during mechanical grape harvesting［J］. Biosystems Engineering, 2011, 110(2): 97-105.

［18］　
Baisan Ioan. Theoretical studies concerning elastic bars deformation from grapes harvesting machine ［J］. Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 2012, 18(2): 18-24.

［19］　
Orlando F P, Schultz D R, Scott P R.Pivotless mechanical crop harvester ［P］. US Patent: 5921074A, 1996-11-18.

［20］　
袁盼盼, 朱兴亮, 尤佳, 等. 一种曲轴式酿酒葡萄振动脱粒装置［P］. 中国专利： CN110972715A， 2020-04-10.

［21］　
袁盼盼, 朱兴亮, 尤佳, 等. 酿酒葡萄曲轴式振动脱粒收获装置研制［J］. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 67-74.

Yuan Panpan, Zhu Xingliang, You Jia, et al. Development of crankshaft vibration threshing and harvesting equipment for wine grape ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(9): 67-74.

［22］　
冯玉磊，坎杂，李成松，等. 基于振动原理的酿酒葡萄采摘试验装置的设计［J］. 江苏农业科学， 2013， 41(11)： 404-406.

［23］　
李成松. 酿酒葡萄振动分离机理及装置的研究［D］. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015.

Li Chengsong. Study on vibration separation mechanism and equipment of wine grape ［D］. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2015.

［24］　
GB/T 25393—2010, 葡萄栽培和葡萄酒酿制设备葡萄收获机试验方法［S］.

［25］　
GB/T 5667—2008, 农业机械生产试验方法［S］.