粮食安全与农业机械化的逻辑关系及其政策启示——基于三种主要粮食种植成本收益的中美比较

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2021.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国2016—2018年稻谷、小麦、玉米种植连续出现亏损。如何增加粮食种植纯收益,提高农民种粮积极性,保障粮食安全?在新冠疫情全球蔓延的特殊时期,粮食安全问题又在我国引起关注。通过比较中美两国三种主要粮食作物种植成本与收益,认为人工成本的攀升是我国粮食种植总成本不断升高的主要原因,提高种植效益的实现路径是通过发展农业机械化来减少人工投入,但我国已开始进入农业机械过度投资的结构性困境。为此,提出如下政策建议:采取更积极措施解决劳动密集的瓶颈环节机械化技术问题;支持发展农机作业社会化服务;推进土地流转实现规模经营;加强有利于农机作业的基础设施建设。

关键词: 粮食安全, 农业机械化, 粮食作物, 成本, 收益

Abstract: To explore the expression and cold tolerance function of LOC_Os10g05490 in rice under cold stress, semi-quantitative analysis was performed for Dongxiang wild rice and 93-11. The results showed that expression level of LOC_Os10g05490 in 93-11 was the same before and after cold stress, but it was down regulated in Dongxiang wild rice after cold stress. This was consistent with RNA-seq data and further study indicated that this gene might be associated with cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice. Plant expression vectors with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique were subsequently constructed to target the LOC_Os10g05490 locus, and were transformed into the japonica rice variety TP309. A total of 26 transgenic positive plants were obtained. This study may lay the foundation for subsequent screening of mutant plants and identification of genes associated with cold tolerance in rice.

Key words: cold stress, RNA-seq, Dongxiang wild rice, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique

中图分类号:

姚春生;侯方安;陈海燕;. 粮食安全与农业机械化的逻辑关系及其政策启示——基于三种主要粮食种植成本收益的中美比较[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(1): 1-8.

SHEN Chunxiu. CRISPR/Cas9 editing and expression analysis of LOC_Os10g05490 in rice under cold stress[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(1): 1-8.

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