关键词: 经济作物, 生产机械化, 主攻方向, 主推技术

Abstract:  This paper analyzed the development of mechanization of 8 main cash crops such as cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables, orchard, tea and herbal medicine in China by region, industry, variety and link, and put forward the main direction and technology for the present and future period. The result showed that compared with 2020, the comprehensive mechanization rate of cotton, rape, peanut, sugarcane, vegetables, tea and herbal medicines will increase by 2.7 percentage points, 3.4 percentage points, 3.6 percentage points, 1.9 percentage points, 4 percentage points, 1.8 percentage points and 2.5 percentage points respectively in 2021, only orchard increases by less than 1 percentage point. The main issues that need to be focused on are over 1 000 khm2 cotton, 1 000 khm2sugarcane, 1 800 khm2 peanut cannot be harvested by machine in China, over 4 200 khm2 winter fallow field need to be planted rapeseed, mechanization of vegetable, orchard, tea garden, herbal medicine are very low, no machine to use, machine cannot be used efficiently, field conditions in Southern China and hilly areas and traditional planting modes are not suitable for machinery, the work qualities and reliabilities of domestic machines need to be advanced, plastic film residue in peanut and cotton planting. The main push technologies include advancing domestic machines quality, high efficient plastic film residue reclamations, rape machinery suitable varities selection and combined working, summer peanut no film planting and high efficient harvesting, sugarcane low impurity harvesting and sugar making process reforming, typical vegetable standardized planting and high efficient harvesting, orchard and tea garden machinery suitable construction and management by standard, major herbal medicine varieties mechanized production in customization and so on.

Key words:  economic crop, production mechanization, main direction, main technology