关键词: 优化灌水量分配, 生育期, 滴灌春小麦, 干物质转移, 灌浆特征

Abstract: In order to optimize the drip irrigation system of spring wheat and improve water use efficiency,  the effects of drip irrigation on 1 000 grain weight,  dry matter transfer,  and grainfilling characteristics of spring wheat in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area were investigated. Under the condition that total irrigation water remains consistent,  increase respectively set up 3 leaf stage,  tillering stage and jointing stage irrigation water (W1),  increase tillering stage and jointing stage and heading stage irrigation water (W2),  increase the jointing stage,  heading stage and filling stage irrigation water (W3),  various stages of irrigation water evenly (W4) and contrast control group CK,  that is,  five water distribution treatments. Exploring spring wheat thousand grain quality,  the transfer of dry matter and nutrient organs grainfilling characteristics. The thousand kernel weight of W3 was the largest,  and the thousand kernel weight of W3 was 53.96 g on 37 days after anthesis,  which was 2.64% larger than CK. The contribution rates of total dry matter transfer,  total assimilate transfer,  and dry matter transfer to grains of W2 were 0.67 g/plant,  2.992 g/plant,  and 22.165%,  respectively. The grain filling rate of wheat under different water allocations met the Logistic model,  and the maximum grain filling rate of W2 appeared 0.366 d earlier after optimal water allocation. Although the maximum filling rate of W2 decreased,  the dry matter accumulation of grains was significantly increased by increasing the time of the fastgrowing period (0.15 d) and active filling period (2.35 d),  and the grain weight of panicle at harvest increased by 32.1% compared with that of CK. The grain yield of W2 also reached the maximum,  which was increased by 6.88% compared with CK. Therefore,  by optimizing irrigation water distribution,  the quality of 1 000 grains of wheat can be increased,  and the dry matter transfer amount and grouting rate of each organ to the grains can be improved to achieve high yield and high efficiency.

Key words: optimize irrigation water distribution, during the growth period, spring wheat by drip irrigation, dry matter transfer, grouting features