Research status and development trend of air-suction seed dispenser

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.09.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Pneumatic suction seed discharger has been widely used in agricultural production in China because of its advantages of high working efficiency, low seed damage rate and high speed precision seeding. Firstly, according to the different adsorption methods, the air suction type seed dispenser is divided into air suction type, needle type and drum type seed dispenser, and the research status of three kinds of air suction type seed dispenser in recent years is reviewed. Secondly, for the three types of air-absorbent seed removers, it points out their adaptation to the scenario and application characteristics, and analyzes the existing problems, such as poor sealing performance, high reseeding rate, and uneven distribution of air pressure, respectively. Finally, the optimization of the structural design of the seed cleaning device and seed filling device, and the improvement of the negative pressure air channel and other measures are proposed. It is pointed out that the working efficiency and sowing accuracy of the existing air-absorbent seed dispenser should be improved, the equipment manufacturing process should be strengthened, the stability of the high-speed sowing of the air-absorbent seed dispenser should be improved, the scope of adaptation of different seed sizes should be expanded, and the efficient seeding needs of different types of seeds should be met. To promote the entire mechanization, intelligence and automation of precision sowing is the main trend of future research, which provides an important reference for the further research and development of air-absorbent seed discharger in China.

Key words: precision seeding, gas sucker type seed dispenser, needle type seed feeder, drum type seed feeder, negative pressure adsorption

摘要：

气吸式排种器因其工作效率高、种子损伤率低以及高速精量播种等优点，已在我国的农业生产中得到广泛应用。首先，将气吸式排种器按照吸附方式分为气吸盘式、针式和滚筒式排种器，分别梳理近年来国内3种气吸式排种器的研究现状。然后，针对3种类型气吸式排种器，指出各自适应场景与应用特点，并分别分析目前存在的问题，如密封性能不佳、重播率较高以及气压分布不均等。最后，提出优化清种装置与充种装置的结构设计，以及改进负压气道等解决措施，指出提高现有气吸式排种器工作效率和播种精度，加强装备制造工艺，提高气吸式排种器高速播种稳定性，扩大对不同粒径种子的适应范围，满足不同类型种子的高效播种需求，推动精量播种全程机械化、智能化和自动化是今后研究的主要趋势，为我国气吸式排种器的进一步研发提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 精量播种, 气吸盘式排种器, 针式排种器, 滚筒式排种器, 负压吸附

CLC Number:

S223.2

Xu Guoli, , Yang Fazhan, , Zhao Shuo, , Sui Xiaobin, , Peng Zehui, , Shen Xitong, . Research status and development trend of air-suction seed dispenser [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(9): 58-63.

徐国立, 杨发展, 赵烁, 隋潇斌, 彭泽辉, 沈熙童, . 气吸式排种器研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(9): 58-63.

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