小型花生脱壳机设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2025.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小区育种试验花生脱壳品种繁多，每一品种用量小，脱壳作业质量要求高，同时要求设备易于清理及场上转移。目前，小区育种花生脱壳仍以手工作业为主，效率低且劳动强度大。为此设计一款小型花生脱壳机，通过单因素试验确定影响设备作业性能的各关键参数取值范围，随后进行三因素三水平正交试验，分析各因素对作业质量的影响规律，并对参数组合进行优化。试验结果表明，影响破损率的因素顺序从大到小为脱壳间隙、滚筒转速、喂料速率；影响脱净率的因素顺序从大到小为喂料速率、滚筒转速、脱壳间隙。最优参数组合：喂料速率为15 g/s，脱壳间隙为30 mm，滚筒转速为233 r/min。验证试验得到破损率为1.32%，脱净率为90.84%，试验值与模型预测值间的相对误差均小于5%，达到了预期效果，可为后续小区育种花生脱壳相关设备研究提供参考。

关键词: 花生脱壳机, 小区育种, 正交试验, 加工机械

Abstract: There are a wide variety of peanut shelling varieties in the plot breeding experiment, with small amounts of each variety. The quality of the shelling operation is required to be high, and the equipment is also required to be easy to clean and transfer on site. At present, peanut shelling in breeding is still mainly done manually, with low efficiency and high labor intensity. Therefore, a small peanut sheller was designed, and the structural type and parameter range of each key component were determined. Then, a three‑factor and three‑level orthogonal test was carried out to analyze the influence of each factor on the operation quality, and the parameter combination was optimized. The test results showed that the sequence of factors affecting the damage rate was as follows: shelling gap, drum speed and feeding rate, and the sequence of factors affecting the shelling rate was as follows: feeding rate, drum speed and shelling gap. The optimal parameter combinationwas as follows: feed rate of 15 g/s, shelling gap of 30 mm, and drum speed of 233 r/min. The validation test showed that the damage rate was 1.32 % and the shelling rate was 90.84 %. The relative errors between the experimental values and the predicted values were less than 5%, which achieved the expected effect and could provide reference for the subsequent research on peanut shelling related equipment for plot breeding.

Key words: peanut sheller, plot breeding, orthogonal test, processing machinery

中图分类号:

S226.4

刘敏基, 王建楠, 王妮, 游兆延, 谢焕雄. 小型花生脱壳机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(2): 139-146.

Liu Minji, Wang Jiannan, Wang Ni, You Zhaoyan, Xie Huanxiong. Design and test of small peanut sheller[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 139-146.

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