西瓜种子超干膜除湿热风联合系统设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2025.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对种子超干过程中热风干燥效率低，不能有效实现低温低湿的干燥环境的问题，设计一种膜除湿与热风联合干燥系统。设计膜除湿系统、热风系统，通过精确控制干燥过程中的温度和湿度，提高种子的干燥效率和品质，同时降低能耗。以种子含水率、发芽率、发芽势和相对电导率等评价指标评估干燥质量，对比热风干燥与膜除湿联合热风干燥系统的干燥效率和干燥极限。通过数据分析，建立西瓜种子超干含水率变化曲线。同时对各影响因素进行分析，综合优化干燥工艺并进行试验验证。结果表明，西瓜种子的最佳超干含水率在3%以下，发芽率98%且有92%发芽势。西瓜种子最佳超干条件为箱内温度50 ℃和相对湿度4%RH，此时可以将种子含水率降低到3%，耗时3.7 h，总功率为1 647.5 W/h，在保证效率高的同时提高种子质量。

关键词: 西瓜种子, 膜除湿, 热风干燥, 节能除湿, 种子超干

Abstract: In response to the issue of low hot air drying efficiency during the seed super‑drying process, which fails to effectively achieve a low‑temperature and low‑humidity drying environment, a combined membrane dehumidification and hot air drying system is designed. The main design includes the system structure, membrane dehumidification system, hot air system, and technical parameters. Membrane dehumidification system and hot air system are designed to improve the drying efficiency and quality of seeds and reduce energy consumption by precisely controlling the temperature and humidity during the drying process. The drying quality is evaluated based on indicators such as seed moisture content, germination rate, germination potential, and relative electrical conductivity. A comparison is made between the drying efficiency and drying limits of the hot air drying system combined with the membrane dehumidification. Data analysis is conducted to establish a curve of water content change in watermelon seeds during super‑drying. At the same time, various influencing factors are analyzed, and the drying process is comprehensively optimized and verified through experiments. The results show that the optimal super‑drying moisture content for watermelon seeds is below 3%, with a germination rate of 98% and a germination potential of 92%. The optimal super‑drying conditions for watermelon seeds are a chamber temperature of 50 °C and a relative humidity of 4%RH, at which the seed moisture content can be reduced to 3%, taking 3.7 hours with a total power consumption of 1 647.5 W/h, ensuring high efficiency while improving seed quality.

Key words: melon seed, membrane dehumidification, hot air drying, energy saving dehumidification, seed ultra dry

中图分类号:

S226.6

樊宇航, 吴今姬, 宋卫东, 王教领, 王明友, 丁天航. 西瓜种子超干膜除湿热风联合系统设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(2): 126-131.

Fan Yuhang, Wu Jinji, Song Weidong, Wang Jiaoling, Wang Mingyou, Ding Tianhang. Design and experiment of watermelon seeds ultra dry with dehumidification and #br# hot air combined system#br#[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 126-131.

参考文献

[ 1 ] 孙璐, 冯国军, 刘大军, 等. 超干处理延长菜豆种子寿命的生理生化机制研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(34): 64-70.
Sun Lu, Feng Guojun, Liu Dajun, et al. Physiological and biochemical mechanism of ultra‑dry storage treatment to prolong seed life of Phaseolus vulgaris [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(34): 64-70.
[ 2 ] 徐效伟, 颜建春, 魏海, 等. 不同含水率下花生荚果静摩擦系数测定[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 93-97.
Xu Xiaowei, Yan Jianchun, Wei Hai, et al. Determination of static friction coefficient of peanut pod under different moisture content [J] Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(2): 93-97.
[ 3 ] Fawole O A, Kaseke T, Opara U L. Pomegranate fruit quality and seed drying method: Effect on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the extracted oil [J]. Processes, 2021, 10(1): 3.
[ 4 ] Singh D, Mishra S, Shankar R. Energy and exergo‑environmental (3E) analysis of wheat seeds drying using indirect solar dryer [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2023.
[ 5 ] George O O, Erick K R, Patrick O A, et al. Evaluation of thin layer models for simulating drying kinetics of black nightshade seeds in a solar‑exhaust gas greenhouse dryer [J]. Bioprocess Engineering, 2023, 7(1): 10-31.
[ 6 ] 李国鹏, 谢焕雄, 王嘉麟, 等. 鸡腿菇热风干燥特性及数学模型研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(1): 61-67.
Li Guopeng, Xie Huanxiong, Wang Jialin, et al. Mathematical modeling on hot air drying of Coprinus comatus [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2019, 40(1): 61-67.
[ 7 ] 徐效伟, 赵裕祥, 曹玉发, 等. 混流干燥机研究现状与展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(12): 95-100, 143.
Xu Xiaowei, Zhao Yuxiang, Cao Yufa, et al. Research status and prospect of mixed‑flow dryer [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(12): 95-100, 143.
[ 8 ] 姜兴睿. 种子加工及贮藏方法研究探析[J]. 种子科技, 2016, 34(6): 124, 126.
[ 9 ] 沈文龙, 宋镇, 张波, 等. 杏鲍菇热泵干燥特性及工艺参数优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(10): 135-141, 168.
Shen Wenlong, Song Zhen, Zhang Bo, et al. Drying characteristics and optimization of process parameters for heat pump drying of Pleurotus eryngii [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2019, 40(10): 135-141, 168.
[10] 王龙, 胡灿, 李传峰, 等. 红枣热风干燥过程及收缩特性的试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(1): 79-82.
Wang Long, Hu Can, Li Chuanfeng, et al. Experimental study on the drying process and shrinkage characteristics of jujube [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2020, 41(1): 79-82.
[11] 徐开轩, 刘广彬, 李连生, 等. 热泵干燥双层干燥室内部气流组织模拟[J]. 制冷技术, 2020, 40(4): 34-39.
[12] 于海明, 金中波, 张雪峰, 等. 微波联合热风干燥方式对松茸干燥品质影响研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(1): 72-78, 88.
Yu Haiming, Jin Zhongbo, Zhang Xuefeng, et al. Research of the effect of microwave combined with hot air drying method on drying quality of tricholoma matsutake [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2020, 41(1): 72-78, 88.
[13] 桂大李, 陈东, 樊佳琪, 等. 膜蒸馏与溶液除湿集成型食品低能耗干燥装置研究[J]. 食品与机械, 2020, 36(3): 97-100.
[14] 包文运, 马利君, 赵晓丹, 等. 膜法除湿技术研究进展及应用现状[J]. 应用化工, 2019, 48(6): 1428-1432.
[15] Wang W, Lei Y, Lo Y M, et al. Process effectiveness assessment by modeling the kinetics of lotus seed drying combining air‑borne ultrasound and microwave vacuum [J]. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2021, 44(9): e13795.

[1]	阚明琪, 王庆惠, 郭俊先, 闫圣坤, 万文瑜. 基于响应面法的哈密瓜片热风干燥工艺优化研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(3): 94-100.
[2]	卢营蓬;王春霞;易文裕;王攀;庹洪章;. 羊肚菌分段式变温热风干燥试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(4): 111-116.
[3]	李国鹏;谢焕雄;王嘉麟;颜建春;魏海;陈智锴;. 鸡腿菇热风干燥特性及数学模型研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(1): 61-67.