自走式宽窄行玉米收获机设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2025.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对中国宽窄行玉米种植区存在机械化收获水平低和人工收获效率低成本高的问题，设计一款自走式宽窄行玉米收获机。简述工作原理，对关键部件进行设计计算和受力分析，通过田间试验验证机具性能。以玉米植株喂入速度、摘穗高度、拉茎辊转速为试验因素，对籽粒损失率和籽粒破损率进行三因素三水平正交试验，根据极差分析和方差分析，得出各因素对籽粒损失率和籽粒破损率影响显著性顺序从大到小为：喂入速度、拉茎辊转速、摘穗高度和拉茎辊转速、喂入速度、摘穗高度。最佳工作参数组合：喂入速度为0.6 m/s、摘穗高度为35 mm、拉茎辊转速为850 r/min，此时籽粒损失率为1.15%，籽粒破损率为0.24%。该机设计符合相关国家标准，能够满足宽窄行玉米种植区收获要求。

关键词: 玉米, 自走式收获机, 宽窄行种植, 正交试验, 高效低损收获

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low level of mechanized harvesting, low efficiency and high cost of manual harvesting in China's wide and narrow row corn growing areas, a self‑propelled wide and narrow row corn harvester was designed. The working principle was briefly described, the design calculation and force analysis of key components was carried out, and the performance of the machine was verified through field tests. A three‑factor and three‑level orthogonal test was conducted on kernel loss rate and kernel breakage rate by using corn plant feeding speed, ear picking height, and stalk pulling roller speed as test factors. Based on the analysis of extreme variance and analysis of variance, the order of significance of the effect of each factor on the rate of seed loss and seed breakage from the largest to the smallest was found to be as follows: feeding speed, stem pulling roller speed, picking height and stem pulling roller speed, feeding speed, picking height, respectively. The optimal combination of working parameters was as follows: feeding speed of 0.6 m/s, picking height of 35 mm, and stem pulling roller speed of 850 r/min, at which time the seed loss rate was 1.15% and the seed breakage rate was 0.24%. The design of the machine conforms to the relevant national standards and can meet the harvesting requirements of wide and narrow row corn planting areas.

Key words: , corn, self?propelled harvester, wide and narrow row planting, orthogonal test, efficient and loss harvest

中图分类号:

S225.5+1

董文学, 吴英思, 胡恒通, 赵军, 刘飞, 闫建国. 自走式宽窄行玉米收获机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(2): 70-74.

Dong Wenxue, Wu Yingsi, Hu Hengtong, Zhao Jun, Liu Fei, Yan Jianguo. Design and test of self‑propelled wide and narrow row corn harvester [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 70-74.

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