精密排种器排种技术与驱动技术研究进展与展望

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2025.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 排种器作为播种机的核心部件，其工作性能决定播种质量的好坏，为满足我国精密排种器技术的研究和发展需求，对国内外精密排种器的研究现状、排种技术、驱动技术进行详细分析。气力式排种器虽适用于高速作业，但对系统的密封性和耐磨性要求较高，在复杂田间作业时可能存在气压不稳定，导致播种质量下降的问题。而传统的机械式排种器由于具有结构简单、成本较低等优点在我国现代化播种作业中仍占主导地位，但随着智能化播种技术需求的不断增长，传统的机械式排种器在高速播种作业、不同区域不同种植模式等条件下，存在排种性能下降、株距均匀性难以保持及适应性较差等问题。同时，在高速作业下，地轮可能会出现打滑，导致地轮驱动的排种器不能正常工作，出现漏播现象，而目前电驱动技术可在导航系统的加持下，即使出现打滑现象，仍可保证排种的顺利进行。但由于电驱动排种器播种质量的评判标准不全面，导致市场未得到普及。因此，针对以上问题，应大力加强精密排种器技术的研究，使得排种器技术不断提升以适应市场需求替换传统的排种器技术，推广普及相关产品在农业生产中应用，为后续现代化智能播种机的开发提供新思路。

关键词: 精密排种器, 排种技术, 驱动技术, 机械式, 气力式

Abstract: As the core component of the seeder, the performance of the seeder determines the quality of sowing. In order to meet the research and development needs of precision seed metering technology in China, the research status, seed metering technology and driving technology of precision seed metering technology at home and abroad were analyzed in detail. Although the pneumatic seed metering device is suitable for high‑speed operation, it has high requirements for the sealing and wear resistance of the system. In complex field operation, the air pressure may be unstable, resulting in the decline of seeding quality. The traditional mechanical seed metering device still plays a leading role in China’s modern seeding operation because of its simple structure and low cost. However, with the continuous growth of the demand for intelligent seeding technology, the traditional mechanical seed metering device has problems such as the decline of seeding performance, the difficulty of maintaining the uniformity of plant spacing and poor adaptability under the conditions of high‑speed seeding operation and different planting modes in different regions. At the same time, under high‑speed operation, the ground wheel may slip, resulting in the failure of the seed metering device driven by the ground wheel to work normally and the phenomenon of missing seeding. However, the current electric drive technology can ensure the smooth progress of seed metering even if the slip phenomenon occurs with the support of the navigation system. However, due to the incompleteness of the evaluation criteria for the sowing quality of the electric driven seed metering device, the market has not been popularized. Therefore, in view of the above problems, we should vigorously strengthen the research on the precision seeder technology, make the continuous improvement of the seeder technology to meet the market demand, replace the traditional seeder technology, promote the application of related products in agricultural production, and provide a new idea for the development of the subsequent modern intelligent seeder.

Key words: , precision seeding device, seeding technology, drive technology, mechanical, pneumatic

中图分类号:

S223.2

李漫漫, 冯晓静, 赵一方, 夏朝宇. 精密排种器排种技术与驱动技术研究进展与展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(2): 64-69.

Li Manman, Feng Xiaojing, Zhao Yifang, Xia Zhaoyu. Research progress and prospect of precision seeder seeding technology and drive technology[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 64-69.

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